Verbs in English usually form the past tense (Past Simple) with the ending -ed, which we add to the base of the infinitive. However, this rule has an exception, which also give English learners a lot of bother.
There is a group of words, so-called irregular verbs, which live by their own rules. Despite the fact that several ways of their formation can be traced, it is impossible to describe them and create a certain system. The only thing to do with these verbs is to remember them. The table below shows the main and frequently used irregular verbs.
Infinitive |
2nd Form (Past Simple) |
3rd Form (Past Participle) |
be |
was/were |
been |
become |
became |
become |
begin |
began |
begun |
break |
broke |
broken |
bring |
brought |
brought |
build |
built |
built |
buy |
bought |
Bought |
can |
could |
been able |
catch |
caught |
caught |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
come |
came |
come |
cost |
cost |
cost |
dig |
dug |
dug |
do |
did |
done |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
drive |
drove |
driven |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
feed |
fed |
fed |
feel |
felt |
felt |
find |
found |
found |
fly |
flew |
flown |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
get |
got |
got |
give |
gave |
given |
go |
went |
gone |
grow |
grew |
grown |
have |
had |
had |
hear |
heard |
heard |
hold |
held |
held |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
keep |
kept |
kept |
know |
knew |
known |
learn |
learned/learnt |
learned/learnt |
leave |
left |
left |
let |
let |
let |
lose |
lost |
lost |
make |
made |
made |
mean |
meant |
meant |
meet |
met |
met |
pay |
paid |
paid |
put |
put |
put |
read /ri:d/ |
read /red/ |
read /red/ |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
ring |
rang |
rung |
run |
ran |
run |
say |
said |
said |
see |
saw |
seen |
sell |
sold |
sold |
send |
sent |
sent |
shine |
shone |
shone |
show |
showed |
shown |
sing |
sang |
sung |
sit |
sat |
sat |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
spend |
spent |
spent |
stand |
stood |
stood |
steal |
stole |
stolen |
swim |
swam |
swum |
take |
took |
taken |
teach |
taught |
taught |
tell |
told |
told |
think |
thought |
thought |
throw |
threw |
thrown |
understand |
understood |
understood |
wear |
wore |
worn |
win |
won |
won |
write |
wrote |
written |
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