Pronouns in English

Pronouns in English, as well as in Russian, are used to denote an object or its attribute, without naming them. There are certain groups of pronouns, and each of them has its own grammatical features.

Below we are going to consider the main types of pronouns in more detail.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns in English have two cases: nominative and object (accusative or dative). If in the sentence the pronoun is used as a subject, it stands in the nominative case; if it is used as a complement - then it has the form of the objective case.

Nominative case		Objective case
I	Я	Me	Меня, мне
You	Ты	You	Тебя, тебе
He	Он	Him	Его, ему
She	Она	Her	Её, ей
It	Оно	It	Его, ему, её, ей
We	Мы	Us	Нас, нам
They	Они	Them	Их, им

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronouns indicate the belonging of the object and always appear before the word being defined in the sentence. If necessary, we can use possessive pronouns without a noun. For this, a special form, which is called absolute, is used.

Attachable form		Absolute form
My	Мой, моя, моё, мои	Mine	Мой, моя, моё, мои
Your	Твой, ваш, ect.	Yours	Твой, ваш, ect.
His	Его	His	Его
Her	Её	Hers	Её
Its	Его, её	Its	Его, её
Our	Наше, наш, наша, наши	Ours	Наше, наш, наша, наши
Their	Их	Theirs	Их

Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns can change their number. They denote an object, which is far or close to the speaker.

Singular		Plural
This	Этот (рядом)	These	Эти (рядом)
That	Тот (далеко)	Those	Те (далеко)

Relative pronouns

This type of pronouns is used when we need to add some information about an object of interest.

What	Что, какой
Who	Кто
Whom	Которого, которому
Whose	Чей
Which	Который, что
Whatever	Что бы ни
Whichever	Какой бы ни
Whoever	Кто бы ни

Reflexive pronouns

The reflexive pronouns end in -self (-selves in the plural). They show that the action is directed at the person ( or thing) that performs it.

In Russian, they are used with verbal reflexive suffixes –ся, -сь or with the pronoun "oneself, myself, yourself", etc.

Singular		Plural
Myself	Себя (сам)	Ourselves	Себя (сами)
Yourself		Yourselves
Himself		Themselves
Herself
Itself
Oneself	Indefinite personal form