Pronouns in English
Pronouns in English, as well as in Russian, are used to denote an object or its attribute, without naming them. There are certain groups of pronouns, and each of them has its own grammatical features.
Below we are going to consider the main types of pronouns in more detail.
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns in English have two cases: nominative and object (accusative or dative). If in the sentence the pronoun is used as a subject, it stands in the nominative case; if it is used as a complement - then it has the form of the objective case.
|
Nominative case |
Objective case |
||
|
I |
Я |
Me |
Меня, мне |
|
You |
Ты |
You |
Тебя, тебе |
|
He |
Он |
Him |
Его, ему |
|
She |
Она |
Her |
Её, ей |
|
It |
Оно |
It |
Его, ему, её, ей |
|
We |
Мы |
Us |
Нас, нам |
|
They |
Они |
Them |
Их, им |
Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns indicate the belonging of the object and always appear before the word being defined in the sentence. If necessary, we can use possessive pronouns without a noun. For this, a special form, which is called absolute, is used.
|
Attachable form |
Absolute form |
||
|
My |
Мой, моя, моё, мои |
Mine |
Мой, моя, моё, мои |
|
Your |
Твой, ваш, ect. |
Yours |
Твой, ваш, ect. |
|
His |
Его |
His |
Его |
|
Her |
Её |
Hers |
Её |
|
Its |
Его, её |
Its |
Его, её |
|
Our |
Наше, наш, наша, наши |
Ours |
Наше, наш, наша, наши |
|
Their |
Их |
Theirs |
Их |
Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns can change their number. They denote an object, which is far or close to the speaker.
|
Singular |
Plural |
||
|
This |
Этот (рядом) |
These |
Эти (рядом) |
|
That |
Тот (далеко) |
Those |
Те (далеко) |
Relative pronouns
This type of pronouns is used when we need to add some information about an object of interest.
|
What |
Что, какой |
|
Who |
Кто |
|
Whom |
Которого, которому |
|
Whose |
Чей |
|
Which |
Который, что |
|
Whatever |
Что бы ни |
|
Whichever |
Какой бы ни |
|
Whoever |
Кто бы ни |
Reflexive pronouns
The reflexive pronouns end in -self (-selves in the plural). They show that the action is directed at the person ( or thing) that performs it.
In Russian, they are used with verbal reflexive suffixes –ся, -сь or with the pronoun "oneself, myself, yourself", etc.
|
Singular |
Plural |
||
|
Myself |
Себя (сам) |
Ourselves |
Себя (сами) |
|
Yourself |
Yourselves |
||
|
Himself |
Themselves |
||
|
Herself |
|
||
|
Itself |
|||
|
|
|||
|
Oneself |
Indefinite personal form |
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